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Chapter1Whatislight?
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Lighteoseetheworldaroundus.Itprovidesthemeansbywhiseofsightgleadireationaboutthephysigementoftheworldandhowitisg.Iyoflighttodformatiosmostimportant，andremarkable，characteristic.
Seeingisbelieving
Sighteolocateourselvesins，definingthingsoutsideourselvesthatallowustostructatruepictureoftheworld.Andsightiheimagihephysisationofvisionitself.GeeRid’spainting，
&ionofLight，showninFigure1，illustratesthetralplacelighthasinourpsydeed，wfromtheideaoflight-insight，illumination，clarity，forexample-pertaintohuman，ashysical，qualities.Infahastwowordstht，luxaingboththematerialaaphysicalaspectsoflight.Itistheformerwithwhichthisbookisprimarilyed.Theiwiningofthephysidthepoetichasmadelightametaphabouttheworld，inphilosophy，theology，psychology，art，aure.Becauseitissomethingofwhichalmosteveryonehasdirectexperiehephysicalbasisoflightandhowitfacilitatesthispowerfulsensehasmadeitaudyforphilosophersalystists，forturies.
1.TheofLightbyGeeRid.
Lightgiveslife.Literally，lightplaysavitalroleinthebiologidchemicalprocessesthatunderpinourandourpla'sexisteively，lightframesourpers.Ouroneverydayexperieratethetralimportainthisregard.Ofcourseweuseitforilluminatingourehernaturally，bytheSunorMoon，orartifionlightsourcesuseelectricity，butonowestillusechemicalreastht;burningdles，forexample.Thediferentcharacteroftheilluminatioonhowweperceives:itsetsa‘mood’forthephysicalspace.
Lighthasaveryfualroleinmakingpossiblelifeitself.TheprimarysourergyfortheEarthisultimatelytheSun.AndthemeansbywhiergyistraheSunislight，boththevisibleposwesee，aswellassomeinvisibleoseedirek，forexample，oflyingonabeachoutinthegardeninthesuhewarmthwefeelisaeofthe‘i’radiatingfromtheSun.Thisisjustohephysiologicalefectsoflight.
Butattheverycoreofourpla’sabilitytosustainlifeisanawesomebiochemicalprocessthatverts‘waste’moleculesdioxide-into‘useful’ones-oxygen，usingsunlightasasourergy.Thereverseproversioodioxide，respiration，aswellasfromthethiopoweroureverydayworld.
TheSun’slighthasovertheillionsofyearseiobiosphereahatprovidesothersourergy.heroroilcouldhavebeeenergyfromtheSun.AheseresourcesisgthewayinwhichlightfromtheSusourplaheifromtheSun-ultravioletlight-isstillabsorbedbytheEarthanditsatmosphere.Buttheotheri-i-isreflectedbackbyatmases.Bythesamemeism，iionistrappedo，tributingtoiarysurfacetemperature.
Lightenablesuni
Pictureshavebeenpartofhumahebeginningofthespecies.Theimpaagesonhowweceiveoftheworld，andhowwemakesenseofourplait，isimmeasurable.Optiologyhastributedtothisinwaysthatareutterlytransformative.Foriheabilityteseasilyandrapidly，bymeansoffilm-basedanddigitalphotography，allowsustorecordplaces，people，andthihatbewidelydistributed（nowadaysbyanoptiabledI）andwhichhavelastingimpact:imagesofleadersandirihenaturalworld，andhsesofwar.Theseentpeopleiedulationstoagapassion，andgiviintosharedexperieheastonishingsensehtofman’sfirststepsontheMoon（seeFigure2）iheabilitytimagesaddsapletelynewdimensionbyeiveaarycapabilities.agitelevisiohoutvideo?
Nowadays，thegeionandtransmissionofimagesissoprevalehinkofit.Weuseself-luminousdisplayseveryday:televisions，puters，tablets，evensmartphones.AllofthesebringinformationtoyouafromyouusinglightasamediuAlmostalllong-distaeleunistravelonlightbeams，guidedalongthinstrandsofglasscalledopticalfibres.ThisisthebasisoffibreopticalbroadbalinkourhomestotheI.Eveersandtelevisionslightplaysarole.ForihemusiagesthatareloaCDorDVDareaccessedusinglight.Atinymovingheadbasedonaminiaturelaser‘reads’thedisvertstheinformatioirialsthatbesenttothedisplays.All，downloading，andemailingaowrequiressuseinformationcapacitythatlightistheonlyfeasiblemediumforgit.
&rong’sphotographofEdwinAldrinwalkingontheMoon.
Transportationinthemodernworlduseslightasthemeansbywhialaeourmovements.Frhtsintowns，tolandinglightshtisaialpartofnavigation.Anditevenplaysaroleinmaintainingourvehicles.Forinstance，lasersareusedtoalignthewheelsht-eributionofignitioodriveaninternalbustiounon.
Inmany，manyways，lightcarriestheenergyandinformationthatmakesmodernlifepossible.
Optics
Thefieldofenquirythatstitutesthestudyoflightiscalledoptics.Optigtheoldestofthesditshistorientformsoimportantpathsintheemergenodernsce.Ideasarisinginopticshavestimulatednewwaysofthinkingforverydisparatefields，suchasthemeotionofatomsandmoledteologiesenabledbydeeperuandingoflighthavebeeralinunlogothersecretsofthenaturalwalileo’stelescopedesigns，forinstaihisobservationofthemoonsofJupiter，whichinmovingtowardsaviewofthesolarsysteminwhietsmovedarouhis，inturn，ortahelawsofgravitythatgoverion.
TheinsofoptitheworkoftheGreekphilosophersofthe4thturybdthefieldhasuedtoflourishforthepasttwomillennia.Itisperhapssurprisiilldisewthingsaboutlightaftersugperiodofattentionbymanycleverpeople.Yetoptisattheforefrontoftsce:morethantenNobelPrizesiwentyyearshavebeenawardedforresearwhichlighthasplayedagahemotionofatomsaunimaginablylowtemperaturesandontimescalesofbreathtakithepreofclocksathousandfold，toenablingustolookinsidelivingdensastheyge.
Whatislight?
Agoodplacetostartiswithsomeofthethingsonlyassociatedwithlight:brighty，d>
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